ABSTRACT
Nucleic acid detection has been one of the most valued tools in point-of-care diagnostics from life science, agriculture, food safety and environmental surveillance, because of its high sensitivity, great specificity and simple operation. Since polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were discovered, more and more researchers attach importance to exploring ultrafast nucleic acid amplification methods for further expediting the process of detection and curbing infectious diseases' high spread rate, especially after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide pandemic event. Nowadays, nanotechnology as one of the most cut-ting-edge technologies has aroused growing attention. In this review, we describe new advances in na-notechnology research for ultrafast nucleic acid amplification. We have introduced commonly used nanotechnologies, namely nanofluidics, nanoporous materials, nanoparticles and so on. Recent advances in these nanotechnologies for ultrafast sample pretreatments, accelerated enzymatic amplification and rapid heating/cooling processes was summarized. Finally, challenges and perspectives for the future applications of ultrafast nucleic acid amplification are presented.(c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Nucleic acid detection has been one of the most valued tools in point-of-care diagnostics from life science, agriculture, food safety and environmental surveillance, because of its high sensitivity, great specificity and simple operation. Since polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were discovered, more and more researchers attach importance to exploring ultrafast nucleic acid amplification methods for further expediting the process of detection and curbing infectious diseases' high spread rate, especially after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide pandemic event. Nowadays, nanotechnology as one of the most cutting-edge technologies has aroused growing attention. In this review, we describe new advances in nanotechnology research for ultrafast nucleic acid amplification. We have introduced commonly used nanotechnologies, namely nanofluidics, nanoporous materials, nanoparticles and so on. Recent advances in these nanotechnologies for ultrafast sample pretreatments, accelerated enzymatic amplification and rapid heating/cooling processes was summarized. Finally, challenges and perspectives for the future applications of ultrafast nucleic acid amplification are presented.
ABSTRACT
Microfluidic- and nanofluidics-based nucleic acid sensing and analysis have become of interest to the public, especially during the current COVID pandemic. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive review of recent research dedicated to the advances of nucleic acid analysis and detection including various polymerase chain reaction platforms, isothermal target amplification methods, and emerging amplification-free methods, such as optofluidics sensing, electrochemical sensing, thermal sensing, and advanced microscopy for label-free DNA/RNA analysis. The future advancement and prospects of nucleic acid analysis are also discussed. © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has emphasized the value of point-of-care diagnostics, as well as reliable and cost-effective serological antibody tests, to monitor the viral spread and contain pandemics and endemics. Here, we present a three-dimensional (3D) nanofluidic device for rapid and multiplexed detection of viral antibodies. The device is made from poly(methyl methacrylate) and contains 3D fluidic channels with nanoscale topography variations on the millimeter length scale, enabled by combining gray-scale e-beam lithography and nanoimprint lithography. It works with capillary pumps only and does not require a complex microfluidic setup and pumps, which hinder the widespread usage of micro- and nanofluidic devices. The device is designed to size dependently immobilize particles from a multiparticle mixture at predefined positions in nanochannels, resulting in distinct trapping lines. We show that it can be used as an on-chip fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay for highly specific and sensitive multiplexed detection of serological antibodies against different viral proteins. Further test flexibility is demonstrated by on-bead color multiplexing for simultaneous detection of IgG and IgM antibodies in convalescent human serum. The particle sorting is further leveraged to enable concurrent detection of anti-spike (SARS-CoV-2) and anti-hemagglutinin (influenza A) antibodies. The device's applications can be further extended to detect a large variety of diseases simultaneously in a reliable and straightforward manner.